31. Ape Genius - Documentary

Welcome to track #31 of break forth and become who you can become. All right, are you excited? OK, honestly, I've just been told that black people are insulted with being monkeys as monkeys. And I want to say to the best of my knowledge, this today's the first day I've ever heard of that. Yeah, never heard of it. And I think that it's good I've never heard of it because maybe if I'd heard, I would not have been able to preach what I preach very well. Yeah, I've never heard that being said of like black people and monkey. Well, I mean, I've heard I said that we live in trees. I've heard that question before. Do we live in trees? Are there lions and tigers where you are staying? You know, in Africa, we are there lions and tigers where we are staying. I've never heard of black people are called monkeys. OK, so you went through all the points. Oh, why the film? After this we are going into deaf and dumb and Coco de gorilla, Coco de gorilla, deaf and dumb and then we move to wealth creation. Amen. So let's watch, will you sleep? Something strange is happening in the forests of Africa. Chimpanzees are doing things no one has seen them do before. They are having pool parties. But that's not all. At a site called Fongoli in Senegal, they've also invented a remarkable way to catch a meal they are making. OK, I've got it here. I want to explain something they discovered. I forgot to tell you that, but they discovered the monkeys creating something like a swimming pool and just having what they are called pool parties. It's like how human beings go to the swimming pool, swim, play in it, and so on. Because monkeys don't like water, you see. But now they've discovered them having parties. Pool parties start again. Something strange is happening in the forests of Africa. Chimpanzees are doing things no one has seen them do before. They are having pool parties. But that's not all. At a site called Fongoli in Senegal, they've also invented a remarkable way to catch a meal. They are making Spears and hunting just like our ancestors. Fresh steaks in a swimming pool. How long until they fire up the BBQ? After all, the great apes, chimpanzees, orangutans, gorillas and bonobos seem so much like us, it's hard not to feel a deep connection. We have come to see that we're much more similar to them than we ever imagined. But for every revelation about the power of their minds, another shows up. A stunning difference. If you think that Human Genetics and ape genetics are 99% the same, what we've managed to achieve and our current position on Earth is so strikingly different from that of the apes. We're trying to figure out what is it that makes us human? What's the little difference that makes the big difference? How big is the gap between them and us? What's holding them back inside ape mines right now on this Nova National Geographic special, Major funding for Nova is provided by David H Koch and. Discovering new knowledge. HHMI and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and by contributions to your PBS station from viewers like you. Thank you. In a remote part of Africa, there's something new under the sun. Our closest living relatives are getting bold. Chimps are supposed to be afraid of water, but this young male is climbing down for a dip. He keeps a hand on the natural safety line as he overcomes his fear. Has a boy or girl ever had more fun in a swimming hole? Wild chimps have never before been seen playing like this. At Fongoli, Senegal, anthropologist Jill Crete and psychologist Andrew White are getting an extraordinary glimpse of chimp emotions. The personality of chimpanzee is extremely excitable. I've hardly ever seen a facial expression like that. I mean, that was extreme excitement to to the stage of kind of losing control. It's not merely just to to cool off the juveniles have fun. I mean, they play in the water. They play a lot in the water. This is only one of A rush of discoveries that is painting a surprising new portrait of ape minds. They are more like us than most researchers ever imagined. One by one, the skills and emotions we once thought were uniquely human are being found in apes. Still, certain specific mental gaps, the little differences that make the big difference will ultimately explain why we study them and not the other way around. While the swimming hole is revealing chimps emotions in the field, a new laboratory study is showing off their amazing rational powers. At the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, psychologist Joseph Kolb places a peanut in a clear tube. How can the chimpanzee get the snack? She has never seen this puzzle before. For 10 minutes there's no solution inside and all of a sudden boom, they solve it. They have to understand that they can use the the water as a tool. This is interesting because the water itself, it doesn't have any shape. Using water as a tool seems like something we would do on a good day. Another tool is being put to remarkable use by wild chimps in their quest for a meal. Back in Senegal, Jill Preetz has been keeping a close eye on chimps eating habits. Throughout Africa, chimps eat almost anything and they have a particular taste for meat. Here, their favorite prey is the Bush baby, a small nocturnal primate. But these chimps aren't catching Bush babies barehanded. Priests has seen chimps making Spears and using them to hunt. Andrew Whiten hopes to join the ranks of the few who have witnessed this extraordinary behavior. Priests has just collected a spear jammed in the top of a dead tree. So I'd say, I guess this one is is longer than average. Yeah, the average. Is a long and fairly stout. One, yeah, but. The length of it's interesting because that's a big hole, right? And this seems pretty well judged to more or less reach to the end of it. Yeah, in. A firm way precise. Yeah. To make a spear, a chimp starts by breaking off a branch, then sharpening the tip, all in the quest to catch a Bush baby in its daytime sleeping hollow. So the next step would be that the chimp would approach the cavity and sometimes look in take the tool jab forcefully into the cavity multiple times. It may not be Ice Pick sharp, but when driven by an arm up to five times as strong as a human's, it's a potentially lethal weapon. They always either sniff it or lick it when they withdraw the tool. What they may do is actually break open the entire cavity and if they're lucky, find a Bush baby inside. Break, strip. Sharpen. Stab. These chimps take a series of distinct steps in a carefully premeditated hunt. For Andrew Whiten, this discovery may offer a window on our own past. Hunting is fascinating to us humans, particularly if we're interested in the evolutionary story of how we got here. Our ancestor 5 or 6,000,000 years ago was somewhat like a chimpanzee. We know that. Then later in the evolutionary story, we became big game hunters using a lot of weaponry, butchery tools and and we're bringing down large prey. So how did an animal like a puny ape reach that stage? Preets and Whiten are closing in on the answers. Most of the 20 spear hunts Preets has observed have taken place during the rainy season. Over time, she has seen every stage of the kill. A chimp is inspecting a hollow looking for a Bush baby. She breaks off a branch and makes a spear. The first time I saw a chimp make a tool, I think I said something like where is she going and what is she going to do with that tool? She nibbles the tip to sharpen it, then, with the aid of her foot, she aims the point into a hollow. Priets has made a landmark discovery. Never before has any non human species been known to routinely make and use deadly weapons. So what does spear hunting reveal about how chimpanzees think? Priets and her team have seen about half the chimps here brandishing weapons, which means spear hunting has spread through much of the group. That seems natural to us. But generating ideas and sharing technologies? That's one scientific definition of culture. For Whiten, culture includes the human arts, from opera to Oprah, but it also covers the rudimentary traditions of ape societies. If you know enough about the behavior of an individual, you can actually know where they come from. So if you know someone wears a tartan kilt, if they pay the bagpipes, if they enjoy porridge for breakfast, they probably, you can tell, come from Scotland. So if you know that a chimpanzee is one of several in its group that enjoy coming and dunking themselves in a pond like this, and also that they sharpen sticks and actually use those as primitive kinds of weapons, then that chimpanzee comes from farm Goldie. Whiteness trying to discover what kind of mind can lead an ape to culture. Young watch their parents, sometimes very intently, and over the following months and years they they acquire that behavior. So you have to be able to copy. When apes live alongside people, they sometimes copy our behaviors naturally, without any training. Copying someone else's successful actions beats reinventing them from scratch, and it's a lot harder than it looks. When these bonobos in the Congo started imitating each other, it seemed like play, but they were actually relying on a sophisticated skill set for copying. You see some other animal doing something that you want to do and being able to figure out just by watching how they're doing that so you can do it yourself. It's actually an incredibly complicated skill with lots of steps to it. You have to know what it is about what they're doing that leads to some goal that animal has. You have to be able to know enough about that goal to recognize that you share that goal. You have to know how's it physically working. You have to know enough about your body and other bodies to be able to line them up. To prove that one ape can copy another, a student of Andrew Whitens devised an experiment at the Keeling Center of the University of Texas. Antoine Spiteri has built a kind of slot machine for apes. He loads it with a grape. To get the fruit, a chimp must first turn a disc to allow the grape to drop through a hole. Next, a chimp has to move a handle that opens a door to release the fruit payout. Spiteri now trains a chimp named Judy how to work the device on her own. She'd never figure it out, but thanks to a sweet liquid reward, she learns the sequence of 2 steps rotate, then push, catching. Next, Judy's groupmates enter the crowd. Spiteri wants to know if just by watching the chimps in the peanut gallery will learn the technique. Can these apes ape to win this food finding game? One chimp seems to think she's got it and shoves Judy aside. A minute ago Judy was the only one with the knowledge. Now another has it, and quickly the trick spreads throughout the group. For spitering, the most important question remains. Have the kibitzer's next door also learn the solution. They have no social ties to the original group. In fact, they are hostile to them. Would they set that aside to keep up with the Joneses next door? In no time flat? They're working the slot machine like old pros. Rotate, then push the handle. Call it the Texas Two Step. Learning by imitation is an essential skill for culture, and culture, along with the complex thoughts and emotions behind it, were long believed to be uniquely human. The history of Western thought has always been premised on the idea that they're beasts and they're humans, and humans are touched by the spark of God and. Beasts are just beasts. Something of a revolution came in 1960 when a young researcher with support from the National Geographic Society, set up camp in Tanzania. Jane Goodall observed the chimps. Emotion seemed much like ours, especially the tenacious bond between mother and baby. At a site called Basu in western Africa, the Japanese researchers recorded the story of an I'll 2 year old chimp. Her mother touches her forehead as if to check for fever. As the baby's strength ebbs, her mother remains devoted. When I see the scene of the mother looking at the baby, I really recognize the emotional life. Our chimpanzees are so similar to us. For weeks after the baby's death, her mother carries the body. Is the mother grieving? Defiant. Can an ape be in denial? It's impossible to say exactly what the mother is thinking, but hard to dismiss her feelings. Putting ape emotions on the map was only one of Goodall's accomplishments. She also found powerful evidence of their intelligence. Goodall was the first to report chimps making and using tools, in this case to fish for termites. When she found termite fishing people was so surprised and thought we should change the definition of humans or we should include chimpanzee as humans. What Goodall couldn't have known was that at a place called Gualugo, other chimps had an even more sophisticated way to catch termites. First they use a big stick like a shovel to open the ground. Then they switch to a slender probe to pull up the insects. Perhaps Goodall's most astonishing discovery was that chimps are hunters. She watched a troop catching colobus monkeys by hand. Although no one has established that they actually coordinate their efforts, the chimps seem to be cooperating. And cooperation is, after all, one of the key drivers of human culture. Could apes Rev up their culture by working together? Imagine a group of chimps, armed and dangerous, hunting as a band. So why isn't Earth Planet of the Apes? Do apes even have the capacity to cooperate? A series of new studies reveals the rudiments of teamwork in the great apes, but they still come up short. In an experiment at the Great Ape Research Institute in Japan, a chimp knows that food is hidden under a stone. Then researchers swap in a heavier stone. If two chimps each know about the food, can they work together? In repeated trials, no pair of chimps ever communicated to synchronize their pulling swap in a person. Researchers Satoshi Hirata and chimps still don't collaborate at first, but eventually they figured out the sweet rewards of cooperation. Ultimately, the chimps learn to ask for a helping hand. A needy chimp may recruit help from a person, but will it ever offer assistance? One of the most surprising findings of all of my years of studying apes has been that they actually will help humans if you're reaching for an out of reach object. If they understand what your goal is, then they will help you. Of course, if you've dropped your banana, forget it. You won't get it back. Chimps can understand what someone else wants, and one study shows that they can even interpret another's actions as good or bad. In Leipzig, Germany, a chimpanzee is about to receive a tray of monkey chow at the same time he's given a rope under the platform. He can pull any time to collapse the platform and end the experiment. Another chimp now enters the cage. This chimp is free to pull a second rope on top of the tray. The first chimp is ticked off. He pulls the hidden rope and the game's over. Was he just generally outraged or was he taking specific revenge on the thief to find out? The researcher now moves the food. Once again. The 1st chimp has lost his food to the second. All that's changed is who's responsible. In trials where the researcher moves the child, the first chimp is much less likely to crash the platform that would punish an innocent chimp who had no intent to do him wrong. They can gauge who is responsible for something that has been done. Humans make a big distinction and and his intentions are very important for human. For instance, take the case in our in our judicial system, manslaughter and murder. The difference between those two is simply the intent. So chimps have a sense of justice and they can cooperate with people. Can they collaborate spontaneously with each other? Researchers also from the Max Planck Institute placed fruit on a board just out of a chimpanzee's reach. The chimps are behind bars, both to keep them from the food and because they can be impulsive, strong, and dangerous. When a solo chimp can reach both ends of a rope, it hauls them in and gets all the food. But on some trials, the ends are too far apart. If the chimp pulls just one end, the rope on threads, the chimp has another option. He can unlock a door to bring in a helper who's been watching. The two chimps now work together, but a series of trials shows that this teamwork doesn't come easily. The helper must be a friend, and the food divided into separate dishes. Can a more loving aid cooperate better? At Lola Yaba Nobo Sanctuary in the Congo, victims of the pet trade are raised by human mothers. When these bonobos grow up, they will spend their days outdoors, becoming savvy about life in the forest. Bonobos are the most social of the great apes, and in their groups all friends are friends with benefits. A simple way to defuse tension. Calmer than chimps? How do bonobos do on the cooperation test? Brian Hare places food in a central shared well. OK, ready 123. All the food is in the same ditch, so it's very easy for one individual to bump the other individual out of the way and steal it all. OK, 123 go. It takes the bonobos a while to get on task, but soon they get the hang of it. With their more congenial temperaments, bonobos are more cooperative than chimps are. In fact, bonobos may take cooperation even further. When a young male died at Lola Ya Bonobo workers were trying to remove his body. The staff decided to use sticks and try to move the Bonobo towards a door. They mounted an incredible defense of this body that surprised everybody and was extremely moving. That's a fascinating reaction on the part of the bonobos. They were not related to that individual and yet they took extreme risks to protect his body. As they fend off the humans, it seems as if they're cooperating. But what does it take to work together? Are they comparing the number of staff to their own troops? Can they calculate at all? At Kyoto University, Tetsura Matsuzawa's experiments are revealing the chimps can, in fact, develop an astonishing facility for numbers. He first trained a chimpanzee named I to touch the numeral that matched the number of dots. Once I knew 0 through 9, Matsuzawa displayed the numerals helter skelter on a screen. I quickly learned to touch them in ascending order. In the final Test, Matsuzawa piled on. As soon as I touches the numeral, 1 white squares cover up the remaining numerals. Can the chimp possibly remember all the locations and touch them in order? The performance was really amazing, much, much better than we have expected. But for I, learning numbers was a struggle. Almost. The. Same amount of training was necessary to teach 3, teach 4 or teach 5. Or even worse, it takes more time to teach 5 and then six. I never got the aha feeling that children have when they realize that you just had one to get to the next number. In the United States, another ape shows a surprising gift for language. Can I? Have get some sticks good. A Bonobo named Kanzi, now at the Great Ape Trust in Iowa, I. Need more sticks too? Picked up English without being directly taught. Put the. Key in the refrigerator. Wearing a mask to avoid queuing, Kanzi researcher Sue Savage Rumbaugh tests his comprehension. Good. Job go get the ball, that's out. Very nice, thank. You, Kanzi. Savage, Rumbaugh measures. Kanzi's vocabulary at 3000. Spoken English words. While apes can master. Words and numbers. Other research shows that something else is limiting their cooperation. Apes have. Emotional issues, rivalry, violence, and most of all, they're impulsive. In a celebrated study. That investigated impulse control. Sally Boyzen of Ohio State University asked chimps to choose between two dishes of M&M. Oh, you watch real. Carefully, we're going to put 1234 down here. Are you watching Miss Chris Chibi? We're going to put two in here, which we give give those to Sarah. OK, well I have to give these to Sarah. Then Sheba gets 2. So Sarah gets 4 and Sheba only gets 2. Too bad the. Twist. Was that the? Chimp got the candy. She didn't point to 345. Could the chimp learn to resist her impulse to reach for the bigger pile? You want Sarah to have these? It's OK. You get to have that one. Yeah. Sarah gets 5 and Sheba gets 10. That is such a shame. Amazingly. Chimps never overcame their greedy urges, they always reached for more and so ended up with less. And Sheba gets 2 so. Sarah gets 4. See. Impulse studies have also been. Run on humans in a. Classic experiment. From the 1970s, a researcher gave a four year old a simple choice. So if you wait for me to get. Back. I'll give you this bowl with all of these gummy bears, OK? But if you can't wait, you can push that button like this and then I'll come back and you can have this bowl with just this one gummy bear, OK? OK. OK, I'll be right. Back. The. According to an. Inconclusive but intriguing study. The longer children resisted temptation, the higher their SAT scores were years later. In any case, the. Differences between people are small compared to the gaps separating humans and apes. Maybe one of the first things that. Happened during our species evolution is we became much less emotionally reactive maybe. That's one of the. Big differences that may explain why we solve problems so differently. We sort of got control of our emotions can. Apes be. Given skills to help them master their emotions. Now you watch real carefully. Sally Boyzen trained. A chimp to understand numerals 23A2. Then she repeated her M. And M's experiment but now offered different pairs of numerals rather than treats. You want to give 2 to Sarah. OK, two goes to Sarah and you get 6, remarkably. Chimps were now able to learn what they couldn't before. Point to the smaller number to get the bigger prize. Symbols can make you. Free. They can help distance an ape from its impulses, but outside of the lab, apes don't seem to use symbols. Still ape minds? Seem to share many of the amazing features of the human mind. They have sophisticated social emotions. They can cooperate. They have culture. Their mental rocket is. On the launchpad, why isn't it taking off? The human brain rocket certainly had lift off. On an average day, human beings file thousands of patents, post 10s of thousands of Internet videos, and think millions of thoughts that have never been thought before. Our closest relatives. Are different on a good day and ape is lucky to use a tool to crack a nut. What prevents ape culture from igniting like the human version? Recent studies that compare. The human and ape minds are revealing something surprising. Bonobos like Kanzi. Show their own kind of genius, Kanzi. Could you take off Sue's shoe? Could you take my shoe off please? You might need to untie it. Even skeptics agree. That Kanzi understands more words than any other non human animal. He also uses an array of. Visual symbols to communicate. But on closer inspection. Kanzi, like all great Ames, lacks the full mental package. Take Kanzi's use of language most. Of the time he will use. These symbols to request things to say. Take me there. Or give me that. Now Kanzi will not. Use those symbols to talk about the weather or to just make small talk, which is a very human thing. When human infants communicate with others, they engage in a real conversation where each conversational turn is responsive to the turn that came before, and they even ask for clarification if they need. So you say, huh? Or you say yeah. And you let the other one know how the communication is going. To engage in a real. Conversation. Each speaker needs a sense of what the other is thinking. Call this skill mind reading. Young children haven't fully developed it, Zoe guess. What we're going to do today, we're going to play a game with my Princess Sally here. See, this is Princess Sally, and she's got a ball that she really likes. This is her ball, but she used to go away for a little bit. So Princess Sally is going to hide her ball right over here in the bag. See Princess Sally hiding her ball right there in the purple bag. Yeah. So here she goes. She's going to go away for just a little bit. Now, while Princess Sally is away, we're going to play a little trick on her, OK? We're going to move her ball from the purple bag over here to the green bag. See how we've moved the ball over there. OK, so guess what, Princess Sally's coming back here. She. Is she came back? Can you tell me where is Princess Sally going to first look for her ball? Over here in the green bag? Can you tell me why is Prince? Classic study showed that. Three-year olds make consistent mistakes about what others know the. Thing that's amazing about 3. Year olds is how convinced they are about their wrong answer. They're so sure that she's going to look for her ball where it really is because she wants it, and that's where it is. Princess Sally, but by the age. Of four, most children are accomplished mind readers. When is Sally first going? To look for her ball, she's. Going to look on the in the purple bag so. She can find a boy. She's going to look in the. Purple bag. That's the right answer. As recently as 2. 1001 studies seem to show that apes don't know what others are thinking. But then new. Experiments began to reveal unexpected skills. In one study, as a chimp approached a treat, Brian Hare moved it out of reach, establishing himself as a competitor. Next hare blocked. His own view of 1 treat but left another in his sight. It looks like they're. Generating a plan and saying to themselves OK I want that food and the one I'm most likely to get is the one he's not looking at or the one that if I sneak around he won't see me and therefore I can have my yummy banana treat. This chimp seems to know. What's on Hair's mind? What he can see and what he can't. So chimps seem to share. A bit of our talent for mind reading. Do we have any mental? Skills that are uniquely our own. A key clue comes. From a new experiment Back at the University of Texas, Victoria Horner shows a chimp how to operate a puzzle box to get a piece of candy. First she taps. Then she slides. Next she pokes. The chimp copies pretty. Well, and gets the sweet. This game we're going to play is. About the special box I brought all right. There's a gummy bear. It's your turn, children. Copy the actions. Much as the chimps did. Well, you got him. All right, there's the gummy bear. Good job the. 2nd. Box that I show the. Chimpanzees is this one, and it's identical to the opaque box except that it's made out of material which is see through only now. Is it obvious that Horner's tapping and poking don't achieve a thing? The box has a false ceiling. The chimps cut to the. Chase. They skip the needless steps. For the apes, it's all about the treat. What this study shows is that apes don't just mindlessly ape, they also understand something more about cause and effect. We found something quite. Surprising. The children were predisposed to. Copy even when it meant that they were doing something that was really rather silly. So this seems a little like the chimps are outsmarting the kids in this particular study. There he is. You. Got him out. Why do kids imitate slavishly? At the root of the children's. Behavior is the fact that they viewed me as a grown up, possibly as a teacher that children expect to. Be taught is a vital difference. While apes can copy, most researchers believe they don't teach each other. Learning from someone. Else is the fastest way to get a new idea. Faster than learning by. Imitation. Faster than inventing a new. Technology in the first place. In children A. Penchant for teaching appears even before language kicks in, in the form of a deceptively simple gesture. Pointing a toddler knows that the. Cup being pointed to is the one that hides a treat. Parents love it when their kids. Start pointing because it's evidence that the kids trying to communicate with them parents definitely notice the difference between babies who just point to ask for things and babies who point to show them things. Apes don't seem to get. That kind of pointing, it doesn't matter whether Brian here points or stares or orients his body. This young Bonobo can't. Fathom that he is trying to communicate. They were clueless. At using the information. Even after lots and lots of trials, they didn't use the information I provided them and it was a big surprise to everybody but Hare. Suspected. A certain domesticated animal would succeed I. Sort of was thinking to. Myself, wait a second, I have a dog at home and you know he plays fetch and when he loses his ball he comes and looks at me and if I point in a certain direction he runs off in that direction and tries to find the ball. Sure enough. Dogs get it. Why dogs and people but not apes? The answer may spring from the way emotions collide with reason. It's possible that like. Dogs there may have been selection against aggression in humans and selection 4 tolerant behavior pro social behavior that actually then allowed us to use these cooperative commutative cues in a very different way than other species. Even our closest relatives pointing has a. Rational. Component too. It relies on a particular mental skill. A little difference that makes a big difference. Whenever I point. I'm actually directing your attention towards a third object, and you have to understand that my attention is on that object and that I'm asking you now to attend to the same object. So there's sort of a. Triangle. Between US and the object, this mental skill. Call it the Triangle Turbocharges teamwork. What you'll see with the human mother and baby is that the mother is constantly trying to show the baby what to do, and the baby is trying to tune into what the mother wants. And so you have a full triangle of mother and baby and the thing in the environment that they're trying to work on, it's a special. Cognitive achievement, yeah. That's right. For some. Reason. Kids do this naturally, almost immediately, and curiously, apes can't get into that. At the moment we have no evidence. That apes have shared goals based on shared commitments. They do things together, they coordinate their actions together, but they don't have a shared commitment to a shared goal. The triangle is the core. Skill that makes teaching possible? Humans. Have it. Apes seem to lack it. But apes are also missing one more thing. It's a key emotional driver. Another blue one on top the. Passion to cheer. Each other on good good. Good, good, good job. Well done, good job. This kind of facilitation, giving a hand, encouragement is the base of. Teaching it seems like it's not just a. Cognitive capacity that's necessary for teaching. There's this other thing which is wanting to teach that seems to be really pervasive in humans and maybe mysteriously missing in apes. The pieces are now coming together. Apes have culture, a rare achievement in the animal world. They can learn from each other by. Imitation, but this process is passive, often slow, and can easily backslide. Probably there's a lot of. Slippage. There's a lot of loss of cultural innovations between generations when you're talking about a chimpanzee, if an ape invents something. New and important and interesting. Maybe some others will learn it, maybe they won't. Unique among animals. Humans have both the passion and mental skill to teach each other. When you're a student rather. Than a spectator learning jumps to warp speed. That's because teaching locks in progress. Human cultural traditions have a cumulative quality that each generation builds on the things of the previous generation. So if you look at the history of any interesting technology, it started out simple. And the children of that generation learned the simple version. But then some genius made an improvement to it and everyone follows right away and we get this ratcheting up in complexity. An ape may stand on. Another's shoulders. But only humans can stand on the intellectual shoulders of giants. It's such a great. Privilege to be able to work with these animals and try to understand what's going on in their head. When they look at you so gingerly and softly, is that they're thinking, oh, he's such a nice guy and boy, I wish I knew it was going on in his head. Or is she thinking, gosh, what's that spot? Is it dirt? Can I eat that? In spite of their. Limitations. When we look into the eyes of a fellow ape, we don't feel a gap, but a deep connection. We can't dismiss a chimp. Reaching out for help. Or a group of unrelated. Bonobos rallying to the defense of another or a. Mother refusing to. Let go of her dead baby. But as the most social. Of apes, we can't help reading thoughts and feelings into the mind behind any familiar face. And perhaps that says. More about us than them. Major funding for Nova. Is provided by David H Koch and. Discover new knowledge. HHMI Hallelujah. I. Saw many of you. Sleeping. Is it true or it's not true? But anyway this. This video that we've just watched also reveals something else. Pastor Obi, are you seeing something you see if you cannot hear the accent of? Somebody who? Doesn't speak like you speak. You will be cut off from the technology, the knowledge, the information and the expertise that that group of people has. Yeah. Do you understand? Yeah, and then #2 all that I taught you for five hours, I learnt it from only this video. But most of us watching this video will never get that from watching this video. I have to take you back. To this video step by step and show you at each point how they came up with each of the 12 points that I gave because each point is exact. I've not read any book about monkeys only this video is what I used to teach you. So once again, I see also the interest in science. And then to repeatedly watch something to glean what must be gleaned from it is also a different thing. Do you get what I'm saying? Because every single point that I shared with you is from this video. It's not from anywhere. I'm not studying apes or even research on the Internet or anything. Just this. Did you get it? But I could see how many people were sleeping. We're not connecting to it, and we're not understanding even the experiments that were being done with a lot of money. Yeah, a very important AOL is being revealed. Just you see, you say that the children of human being expect to be taught. They actually expect it and they are being taught. The parents will point, look at this and the apes, they don't get what is happening. They just roll over. They just sleep. It's enough fantastic. So the person who takes his time to gain knowledge, wisdom, understanding, to study and gains wealth, you understand and the benefits of it must redistribute it to those who have no interest and the strength to glean. You get it. Just roll over and throw out because each of those the, each of those experiments is an experiment. And you can see that they are trying to analyze what is it because everything the apes cooperate, they work together. If there's this. So a lot of similarity. And even if I don't know if you notice it, when they talk about copying, they learn by copying, but there are a lot of gaps. That's what he said. And a lot of it is lost. Do you see which is what? I am noticing there is copying amongst us, but there are a lot of gaps and many of the things which are being passed on without even saying are being lost in the transmission. Yes, and that is what creates a very, very, very vast difference between what do you call it between apes and, you know, in between the Western world and the African world. Yes, understand the goal. That is what was motivating them. And I think it's very important for us that we understand actually the the goal of why we are supposed to be copying, you know, it made. The apes. Actually learn faster, as long as they saw that the goal was what are we going to get? It made the copying much faster. Amen. Are you there? So I think one of the things that you notice is like a sort of dullness of mind. Do you understand? Yeah. And for instance, if you take a country like Togo. You realize that? One Sainsbury's supermarket or Tesco supermarket in London. One the money that flows there is more than the economy of the whole of Togo, the whole country. So what? I'm trying to explain is. That the gap between the rich and the poor and the advanced civilizations and the poor civilization is widening dramatically. And there's it's not something like Togo has 3 million and then Britain has four million. It says Togo has three CDs and England has 500 billion. That's a sort of disparity. How many? I realized that the disparity is extreme. Yeah, extreme. One of the things I wish everyone here will ever get is an opportunity to travel to America when you arrive at any remote airport and you see aeroplanes, which are like buses. When they are going to take off? The line up like buses, you can't wait for one hour on the runway. This one is going. Ernest, wake up, wake up. Wake up, wake up. Wake up teaching man. Needs what I'm saying. And you, as a pastor in teaching man, needs what I'm talking about. Do you get it? Tell your neighbour, roll over and be free. Hey anyway, So what was I saying? I've even forgotten. Yeah. You realize that Kotoka International Airport, those of you are from Ghana with one plane, Ghana International Airlines, which is paying I believe $1 million every month to a company in America, in America which it has lease it from. And that the government has to pay that $1 million every month for the losses that it makes every month. And when you go to a town, a town as a jewel, mention one more remote town where we will land and then the planes are. There's a there's an airport. Called Rockford. Rockford, Yes, just in a town called Rockford. It's just about an hour from where I live. An hour from. Where Chicago? I live in Elgin and. Elgin is. And how's that airport like? Rockford, it's full of planes. It's a very small airport, but it's full of planes. Full of planes means how many planes? I think they have about close to 10 gates, 10 gates. That's right, 10 boarding gates. Yes, see we have gates one and gate 2. And we don't have. Anywhere where you walk from the build? No, it's Zero zone Charlie. Is very. Very, very, very serious zone, and Ghana is far advanced in the. Map of Africa. To other countries far in Africa, we got superior in advance if you travel around, you see. Yeah, I mean, where is? Rockford. I've never even heard of that. I've been with Pasador. Different different different places at different airports. You see a town like. Where did we have that? Louisiana, any town, I mean the airport 1234 like New York. We have LaGuardia, JFK, other airports, about two or three of them, Long Island, different. You'll be there, you'll be private, you'll see the place like buses. This one is taking off landing. Taking off, landing, taking off, landing, taking off, landing. When you take off from New Jersey, immediately you see that JFK is also there. You don't need, I mean you can count, you can easily count 100 planes once all over 800 of one company. It's really fantastic to compare to us so we may laugh you. See but you can. See that the western world and the developer are completely ignoring us now and leaving us to our own things. And that is why they may even refer to us as monkeys, because. We don't seem. To think, to understand, to read, to learn. You don't seem to want to learn or expect to learn. Yeah. So I'm just saying what I'm sharing to explain to you that look, our culture is fuck. Fuck. If you go to Dunkirk, Roman. You see human beings sleeping in the sand. You realize it's like a. Place that has never because the person who is sitting in the castle. You not understand. What this is he thinking about? He can't understand the figures. And the historical facts. So I don't think any of us should take lightly. We are, please, we are closing and this is the end of tonight's session. But I don't think any of us should joke with what we are teaching. Don't joke with it because I can. I can tell you in the season that we are in. It is going to be. As it is you. Will create for. Yourself, what you have I'm telling. You not. That I don't want to. I want to, but that's how the season is. It's not as though I'll not give you this analogy, but I saw you stand up yourself. I'm sure you would like some help in Zambia, wouldn't you? Know what I'm saying? I'm. Sure you would like the main church to donate some more help to Zambia, Yes, but I'm sure. When you look. Around you can understand even more. Do you agree? It's difficult to ask. Yeah. How many realize that it's difficult to. Ask. Yeah, that is why it's unreasonable to ask. That's why I brought you all together. That's why last year I brought the guys who are Go, go and some of Tafu and all these other guys stand up. The guys I brought you last year, remember. Do you remember last year I brought you? Yeah, I brought them for the others to see because I realized that if I tell them, they'll not believe. So I brought them. Now this year I've also brought another group stand up. They are also they. Say more. Hey. And next year it is something. Are coming, do you see so it's not that like somebody will say, you know. I don't give you again. It's not like that. The season itself will not allow it to be given to you and you have to make sure that it works. So honestly, there are many things that are in our culture and our practice that are ape like. It's true. The interests in science, you see, look at what I'm not teaching because of anything. But honestly, it strikes me when I watch. I said you put a child there and you put a monkey there. What is the difference? It strikes me, it moves me. I start to read and I start to study and I realized the striking similarities between US and this apes. And I see the man is saying, so what's the difference? Since they cooperate, they collaborate, they seem to think they learn, they copy the known numbers, they have letters, language. But what's the little difference that is making the big difference? Is it that question? It was in the film. What is holding them back? That's the question that you're asking. So when you look at us, what's holding us back? See, we copy, but there are big gaps and a lot of the things we copy are lost. It's a statement from the Thing. They teach. They expect. To be taught and they have the ability to be taught. This is what you teach. You'll be pointing here. He never gets that this side just does the other one. But the even the dog gets it. So the Bishop may be pointing. He can't get it. They look roll over messy. So brothers and sisters, let's get it. Let's flow, let's rise. Oh, information is now out there. There's a lot we can learn and a lot we can copy better and do better. And I believe that God will be with us and God will bless us in Jesus name, Amen. So. Tomorrow morning. What time? 6:00 AM. Start six. OK, we start at six. Have you taken the offering? Today. Have you taken? Offering today. So you don't want to take another offering? Why can't we not take an offering? Why not? If not, take out an offering and you are blessed in Jesus name. Pastor Richard. Will you need us to take an offering? How many are blessed with the monkeys? You are sleepy. Otherwise I would have continued that's that's.